Pediatrics encompasses the field of medicine dedicated to the health and medical needs of infants, children, and adolescents from birth until they reach the age of 18. The term "paediatrics" originates from two Greek words, "pais" meaning 'child' and "iatros" meaning 'doctor' or 'healer,' translating to "healer of children." This medical specialization emerged relatively recently, evolving in the mid-19th century, with Abraham Jacobi (1830 - 1919) regarded as its pioneer, often referred to as the father of paediatrics.
What does a pediatrician do? A pediatrician is a medical professional specializing in the care of children, offering medical services not only for children facing acute or chronic illnesses but also preventive healthcare for those who are healthy. Pediatricians oversee the physical, mental, and emotional well-being of the children under their care throughout various stages of development, addressing both illness and wellness concerns.
Objectives of pediatrics: The objectives of pediatric medicine include reducing infant and child mortality rates, controlling the spread of infectious diseases, advocating for healthy lifestyles to ensure long-term disease-free living, and providing support for children and adolescents dealing with chronic conditions.Pediatricians diagnose and treat a range of conditions in children, including:
Injuries
Infections
Genetic and congenital conditions
Cancers
Organ diseases and dysfunctions
Pediatrics focuses not only on the immediate care of sick children but also on assessing the long-term impacts on quality of life, disability, and survival. Pediatricians play a crucial role in preventing, early detecting, and managing various issues, including:
Developmental delays and disorders
Behavioral problems
Functional disabilities
Social stresses
Mental disorders including depression and anxiety disorders
Subspecialities in pediatrics:
pediatric cardiology
critical care medicine
endocrinology
gastroenterology
hematology
neonatal medicine
nephrology